Plant Highlights

Saxifraga stolonifera

strawberry begonia, strawberry geranium, roving sailor, creeping rockfoil, creeping saxifrage

Highlight Month:
March
Nativity:

Strawberry begonia is native to shady cliffs at lower altitudes in China and Japan.
Growth Habit:

Low, creeping herbaceous perennial.
Growing Requirements:

In the garden, S. stolonifera appreciates a cool, shaded nook with rich soil and regular watering. This plant is hardy to USDA Zone 6 with some protection. Alternatively, S. stolonifera makes an excellent houseplant when provided with bright, indirect sunlight.
Features:

The fuzzy leaves are a lovely deep green with flashes of silver venation and pinkish-red undersides. Each leaf extends from the basal rosette on a reddish petiole. In late spring and early summer, breezy panicles of white and pink flowers adorn the plant. The individual flowers have three pink upper petals and two larger white lower petals. The flowers stand about 12-18” above the leaves. S. stolonifera spreads via reddish stolons tipped with small plantlets. Consider growing the plant in a hanging basket where these can be displayed.
Where at Lotusland:

Visitors can find the plant in the Fern Garden, clambering over tufa stones and creeping along the ground.
Salvia discolor

Andean silver-leaf sage

Highlight Month:
July
Nativity:

Peru
Growth Habit:

Stems should be pruned back after flowering to encourage bushy growth as this species tends to flop over. It can be grown in the landscape or makes a statement in a container or hanging basket where the white leaf undersides can be viewed from underneath.
Growing Requirements:

It is hardy to USDA Zone 9 and prefers well-drained soils in full to part sun. This species is drought tolerant but can handle more water than our native California Salvia.
Features:

Rare in cultivation, this unusual Peruvian salvia is popular with hummingbirds and is a drought tolerant choice for the garden. Its evergreen aromatic leaves are grey-green with contrasting fuzzy white undersides. The flowers have deep purple petals that appear black against the silver calyces and contain a sweet nectar at the base of the floral tube. The inflorescence stalk is sticky and traps small insects , giving this plant the name “flypaper salvia.” The genus name, Salvia, comes from the Latin, salvus, meaning “to make safe or healthy” in reference to the healing properties of many sages. The specific epithet, discolor, references the bi-colored leaves.
Where at Lotusland:

S. discolor can be found in the Insectary Garden at Lotusland where it blooms summer to fall.
Pyrrosia lingua

tongue fern, Japanese felt fern, shi wei

Highlight Month:
June
Nativity:

Pyrrosia lingua is an adaptable fern capable of growing in a variety of habitats within the garden. It is native to China, Southeast Asia, and India, where its shallow creeping rhizomes cling to tree branches and dry rocks at elevations of 320-6200 ft.
Growth Habit:

This evergreen fern displays undulating simple fronds with a slight twist reaching 12-18” high. The leaves are subdimorphic, with fertile (spore bearing) and non-fertile (non-spore bearing) fronds of slightly different sizes. Stellate (star-shaped) hairs cover the leaf undersides, giving them a whitish cast in contrast to the olive-green upper surfaces. As the brown sporangia develop and release their spores later in the year, the fertile frond undersides change to a cinnamon-brown color.
Growing Requirements:

If grown in a container add orchid bark for enhanced drainage. P. lingua is hardy to USDA Zone 6 and prefers light shade to part sun.
Features:

The genus name comes from the Greek, pyr, meaning fire, in reference to the reddish scaly covering on the blade of the type species, Pyrrosia stigmosa. The specific epithet, lingua, means tongue-like, due to the slender leaf shape. The whole plant is used in traditional Chinese medicine as a diuretic.

There are numerous cultivars of P. lingua selected for interesting leaf shape, color, and variegation. Some examples include: ‘Corymbifera’ (crested leaves), ‘Alabama Gold’ (yellow-flushed leaves), ‘Eboshi’ (curled leaves), ‘Tachiba Koryu’ (ruffled margins), and ‘O Kan’ (horizontal banded variegation).
Where at Lotusland:

At Lotusland, it grows happily on tufa stones, in hanging baskets, and in the ground in the Fern Garden and Lower Bromeliad Garden near the Rooster Grotto.
Doryanthes palmeri

giant spear lily

Highlight Month:
April
Nativity:

Australia: McPherson Ranges of southeast Queensland and northeast New South Wales. In habitat, it grows in evergreen forests on exposed rocky volcanic outcrops that experience frequent fires.
Growth Habit:

This species grows to large proportions with vertically furrowed 6-8’ tall leaves and makes for a dramatic feature in the garden. In the spring, plants produce large showy bent flower stalks, resembling large toothbrush heads, and display bright red cup-like flowers lined with white. Flowers later develop into a brown egg-shaped capsule filled with papery seeds. After flowering, the spent rosette dies but is replaced by numerous leaf rosettes emerging in the clump.
Growing Requirements:

D. palmeri thrives in full sun and will also grow in part shade where it may flower infrequently. It is drought tolerant once established and can handle nutrient-poor soils. Giant spear lilies do not require low-phosphorus fertilizers like many other Australian native plants. This species generally takes about ten years to flower when started from seed and is popular with birds seeking its abundant nectar.
Features:

The genus Doryanthes is endemic to eastern Australia and contains only two species in the family Doryanthaceae. The other species, D. excelsa, is similar in overall appearance but forms an erect inflorescence with a cluster of terminal red flowers. D. palmeri flower stalks and roots are a food source for Aboriginal Australians and the leaves are used to make ropes and woven products. The genus name comes from the Greek, doratos (spear) and anthos (flower), referencing the flowers found on the spear-like stalk. The specific epithet honors Sir Arthur Hunter Palmer (1819-1898), an Irish-Australian sheep farmer and politician.
Where at Lotusland:

Australian Garden and Main Lawn near entrance to the Lower Bromeliad Garden
Aloe sabaea

Yemen tree aloe

Highlight Month:
March
Nativity:

It is found in southwest Saudi Arabia and western Yemen and grows in a wide distribution on dry, rocky open hillsides.
Growth Habit:

Aloe sabaea is the tallest aloe from the Arabian Peninsula and its unbranched trunk can reach heights of 9-12 feet. Three-foot-long pale green leaves with small white marginal teeth emerge in drooping side-facing rosettes, imparting a melting appearance to the entire plant. When damaged, the leaves ooze a clear exudate smelling strongly of rat urine, indicating the presence of toxic hemlock alkaloids. This species blooms in mid-winter with coral orange flowers held on a branched inflorescence. Yellow-flowered forms exist but are rare in cultivation.
Growing Requirements:

Full sun, well-drained soils, hardy to 27°F
Features:

The specific epithet sabaea comes from the name for an ancient group of South Arabian people, the Sabaeans, who founded the Kingdom of Saba (800-400 BCE), in what is now present-day Northern Yemen and the Asir Province of Saudi Arabia. Researchers at Kew Gardens speculate A. sabaea evolved from a radiation event of Aloe into the Arabian Peninsula about 5 million years ago.
Where at Lotusland:

Aloe Garden
Chimonanthus praecox

wintersweet

Highlight Month:
January
Nativity:

Wintersweet is native to montane forests in central and southern China and has been cultivated there for over 1,000 years as an ornamental and medicinal plant.
Growth Habit:

C. praecox is a multi-stemmed deciduous shrub reaching 10-15’ tall by 8-12’ wide. In warmer climates, such as Santa Barbara, the sandpapery leaves tend to persist on the branches while flowering occurs from October to January. It can be pruned hard in late winter to reduce its growth and to allow for flower buds to mature on new branches in time for the following season.
Growing Requirements:

The plant is hardy to USDA Zones 6-7. Full sun to part shade.
Features:

As winter approaches, this nondescript shrub erupts in a display of delicate waxy yellow flowers with purple interiors. The scent perfumes the air in an intoxicating sweet aroma that can be detected before locating the plant itself. C. praecox is a member of the Calycanthaceae, or spicebush family. Other genera in this family include Idiospermum (native to tropical Australia) and Calycanthus (native to China and the United States). There is one species of Calycanthus native to California, C. occidentalis, or sweet shrub. Both Chimonanthus and Calycanthus produce a 2” long fruit in the shape of an elongated baby rattle. Once fully mature, the elliptic dry capsule opens on one end to disperse the brown seeds. The scientific name of wintersweet is derived from the Greek cheimon (winter), anthus (flower), and praecox (very early).

The flowers, leaves, fruits, and roots are used in Chinese folk medicine for treating colds, rheumatoid arthritis, and respiratory disorders. Essential oils derived from the plant are frequently used in cosmetics, perfumes, and for aromatherapy. The flowers can flavor herbal teas.
Where at Lotusland:

Wintersweet is located in the Arboretum at Lotusland adjacent to the Cypress Allée, where the flowers can be seen and smelled.
xCalibanus hookeri

Highlight Month:
November
Nativity:

Lotusland Origin
Growth Habit:

Calibanus hookeri forms a low-growing corky fully to semi-subterranean caudex that can reach epic proportions with reports of plants rivaling the size of a Volkswagen Beetle. It was rediscovered in the wild by a group of botanists, including Charlie Glass and Bob Foster, in 1968 before they both came to work at Lotusland. Beaucarnea recurvata forms a similar enlarged caudex many feet in diameter but the trunk can reach 20’ in height. Fruit from the hybrid plants displays three small papery fins, like the membranous wings on B. recurvata fruit, but is also rounded like C. hookeri fruit. The hybrids form base diameters rivaling B. recurvata and short trunks with multiple branches. Both species are native to Mexico but are separated geographically by hundreds of miles. Interestingly, the genus Calibanus has now been incorporated into Beaucarnea by some authorities (Rojas-Piña et al., 2014).
Growing Requirements:

Full to part sun, well-drained soils.
Features:

This spontaneous hybrid Calibanus has mysterious origins at Lotusland and is thought to be an intergeneric hybrid between Calibanus hookeri and Beaucarnea recurvata. Its story begins in the late 1970s when seed was collected from a female Calibanus hookeri in the Succulent Garden by Charlie Glass, Lotusland’s first unofficial curator. Calibanus and Beaucarnea are dioecious, meaning they produce male and female flowers on separate plants. Initially, Charlie presumed the resulting seedlings were pure Calibanus hookeri, but they started showing irregular characteristics, leading him to believe the plant may have been pollinated with a nearby male B. recurvata. Eleven of the seedlings were planted in the Cycad Garden in 1979-80 and a few were relocated to the nursery in 2010 to make room for a Dioon installation. One of these original plants remains in the Cycad Garden today next to a mature B. recurvata, making for a nice comparison. There are additional hybrid specimens in the Succulent Garden but without proper documentation it is unknown if these were from the original cross or were later propagations.
Where at Lotusland:

Succulent Garden, Cycad Garden
Aristolochia fimbriata

white-veined dutchman’s pipe

Highlight Month:
October
Nativity:

Bolivia, Paraguay, S. Brazil, Uruguay, and N.E. Argentina
Growth Habit:

This small Aristolochia displays charming maroon/yellow flowers with otherworldly fringed edges and rounded leaves featuring dramatic silver veins. A. fimbriata is native to Bolivia, Paraguay, S. Brazil, Uruguay, and N.E. Argentina. It is a food source for pipevine swallowtail butterfly caterpillar. The stems die back to an underground caudex during the winter but will spread to 2’ during the growing season as a groundcover. This plant can also grow as a specimen in a hanging basket or looks nice spilling over a rock wall. Because this species is deciduous, it is easy to control and will not take over the garden like other Aristolochia.
Growing Requirements:

This species is hardy to USDA Zones 7a to 9b and prefers shade but can handle morning sun.
Features:

The common name “dutchman’s pipe” refers to the flower shape resembling Dutch meerschaum pipes made from the clay mineral sepiolite. The genus Aristolochia comes from the Greek aristos, meaning “best,” and locheia, meaning “childbirth or delivery,” in reference to the flower resembling a human fetus in the womb. Species in this genus have also been used as an ancient Greek treatment for pain and infections related to childbirth. The flowers are pollinated by flies who become trapped in the long floral tube by downward pointing hairs. The following day, these hairs wilt and the flies are released covered in pollen to bring to another flower. The mature brown fruits resemble upside down parachutes filled with small triangular seeds.
Where at Lotusland:

Upper Bromeliad Garden
Ensete ventricosum

Abyssinian/Ethiopian banana, false banana

Highlight Month:
September
Nativity:

This large-scale banana is native to the eastern edge of the Great African Plateau.
Growth Habit:

E. ventricosum grows to 12-20’ in cultivation (30-40’ in habitat) and produces 10-12’ leaves that give a tropical look to the garden. Overlapping leaf petioles form a pseudo-trunk that expands at the base, hence the specific epithet, ventricosum, meaning “with a swelling belly.” This species rarely produces offsets from the base and will die after producing a dramatic inflorescence that takes over a year to develop. Small cream-colored flowers are hidden underneath maroon bracts with female/bisexual and male flowers occurring separately.
Growing Requirements:

This species is hardy to USDA Zones 10-11 but can be moved indoors for the winter in colder climates.
Features:

It is in the same family (Musaceae) as the more commonly cultivated banana but does not make palatable fruits. Instead, the heart of the plant is fermented to produce a variety of food products. The large black seeds are considered a famine food in Ethiopia and are also used to make beads.
Where at Lotusland:

Eight new plants of E. ventricosum were recently added to Lotusland’s Tropical Garden. All are seed propagations from a plant that flowered between August 2020-September 2021. The Water Garden is home to the red-leaved cultivar ‘Maurelii’, which is easier to find in cultivation than the straight species.
Salvia guaranitica

anise-scented sage

Highlight Month:
August
Nativity:

Brazil to Northern Argentina.
Growth Habit:

This large and attractive plant blooms mid-summer to fall with blue-purple petals and green to blue-black calyxes. The flowers are popular with hummingbirds and butterflies. Several cultivars available in the nursery trade have been selected for varying flower colors such as ‘Black and Blue’, ‘Argentine Skies’, and ‘Blue Enigma’.

This perennial Saliva can grow over 6’ tall in the Santa Barbara area but can be pruned in spring to branch at a lower height. Leaves are held in an opposite arrangement on the stem, are dark green in color, and have a mild anise-scent with crushed. Spreading underground rhizomes form a large patch and, in more temperate regions, can be overwintered indoors for planting the following season. Stem cuttings are also easy to root.
Growing Requirements:

S. guaranitica is hardy to USDA Zones 8-10, prefers full sun to part-shade, and is moderately drought tolerant once established.
Features:

The genus name, Salvia, comes from the Latin, salvus, meaning “to make safe or healthy” in reference to the healing properties of many sages. The specific epithet, guaranitica, refers to the Brazilian city of Guará, where this species is found.
Where at Lotusland:

At the back of the Cycad Garden.